Heikki Kerkkänen
- Club
- EHMS
- Nationality
Ratings
| Category | Rank (current) | Weighted Rating (current) | Rank (best) | Weighted Rating (best) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longsword (Mixed & Men's, Steel) | 1927 (top 36%) | 1233.8 | 1069 (September 2022) | 1237.7 (November 2024) |
| Sidesword (Mixed, Steel) | 429 (top 52%) | 1105.8 | 276 (September 2023) | 1176.3 (September 2024) |
| Sword and Buckler (Mixed, Steel) | 662 (top 54%) | 1096.5 | 505 (January 2023) | 1106.8 (September 2023) |
Record
| Division | Total | Win | Loss | Draw | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | 104 | 35 | 65 | 4 | 0 |
| Men's Steel Longsword | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | 20 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 0 |
| Mixed Steel Sidesword & Dagger | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | 22 | 6 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Sum | 160 | 50 | 103 | 7 | 0 |
Full rating histories
Longsword (Mixed & Men's, Steel)
May 2022
1123
1059.9
June 2022
1230
1059.1
July 2022
1306
1058.3
August 2022
1371
1050.3
September 2022
1069
1168.6
October 2022
1120
1167.5
November 2022
1177
1166.3
December 2022
1222
1165.2
January 2023
1284
1162.9
February 2023
1336
1161.7
March 2023
1432
1160.4
April 2023
1484
1159.2
May 2023
1464
1182
June 2023
1668
1155.7
July 2023
1750
1154.4
August 2023
1848
1133.8
September 2023
1882
1142.8
October 2023
1951
1141.2
November 2023
1837
1171.4
December 2023
1854
1169.7
January 2024
1763
1196
February 2024
1792
1194.2
March 2024
1839
1192.4
April 2024
1883
1190.7
May 2024
1670
1226.8
June 2024
1851
1210.3
July 2024
1898
1208.5
August 2024
1803
1227.5
September 2024
1834
1226.9
October 2024
1850
1235.6
November 2024
1907
1237.7
December 2024
1942
1235.7
January 2025
1927
1233.8
Sidesword (Mixed, Steel)
September 2023
276
1132.2
October 2023
286
1131.7
November 2023
329
1094.5
December 2023
334
1093.8
January 2024
389
1093.1
February 2024
389
1092.4
March 2024
397
1091.7
April 2024
405
1091
May 2024
402
1090.2
June 2024
421
1089.5
July 2024
426
1088.8
August 2024
430
1088.1
September 2024
341
1176.3
October 2024
337
1175.5
November 2024
423
1107.8
December 2024
428
1106.8
January 2025
429
1105.8
Sword and Buckler (Mixed, Steel)
January 2023
505
929.4
February 2023
561
928.8
March 2023
601
928.2
April 2023
638
927.6
May 2023
654
927.1
June 2023
654
993.3
July 2023
658
992.6
August 2023
663
991.9
September 2023
531
1106.8
October 2023
529
1105.9
November 2023
553
1105.1
December 2023
541
1104.3
January 2024
628
1080.7
February 2024
630
1079.8
March 2024
655
1078.9
April 2024
677
1078
May 2024
687
1077.2
June 2024
688
1083
July 2024
699
1082
August 2024
702
1081
September 2024
668
1100.6
October 2024
681
1099.6
November 2024
689
1098.6
December 2024
689
1097.6
January 2025
662
1096.5
Match results
Longsword (Mixed & Men's, Steel) - 109 fights
November 2024 - EHMS Open 2024
EHMS Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | elimination round 1 | Eetu Sipilä | LOSS | 36% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Anton Ollikainen | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Jan Kukkamäki | LOSS | 40% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Jesse Nukarinen | WIN | 65% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Jakub Dobi | LOSS | 5% |
October 2024 - THMS Open 2024
THMS Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Bronze Medal Match | Jaakko Alamikkula | LOSS | 14% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Eighth-Finals | Arttu Sulkanen | WIN | 29% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Juska Kuhanen | LOSS | 63% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Arttu Sulkanen | LOSS | 29% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Mikael Löfbacka | WIN | 67% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Jakub Dobi | LOSS | 5% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarterfinals | Siiri Saastamoinen | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Semifinals | Jakub Dobi | LOSS | 5% |
September 2024 - Battle of the Bridge 2024
Battle of the Bridge 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 1 | Olle Kausland | LOSS | 7% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 1 | Max Kaser | LOSS | 18% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 1 | Mikael Berkesten | LOSS | 11% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 8 | Staffan Sannemalm | WIN | 77% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 8 | Nikos Kyriakopoulos | LOSS | 6% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 8 | Einar Lundgren | LOSS | 10% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 8 | Marc Schultz | WIN | 76% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Sixteenthfinal 5 | Emil Kivelä | LOSS | 9% |
August 2024 - Bothnia Open 2024
Bothnia Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Elimination Bracket | Tommi Koskinen | LOSS | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 2 | Nikolai Penev | LOSS | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 2 | John Grönholm | WIN | 25% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 2 | Jaakko Haapoja | WIN | 70% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 2 | Samy Kurppa | WIN | 68% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 2 | Jere Naski | WIN | 70% |
June 2024 - FEDER League: Black Horns Cup 2024
FEDER League: Black Horns Cup 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Marcel Kwapisz | LOSS | 24% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Illia Babounikau | LOSS | 7% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Bohdan Donchenko | LOSS | 3% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Matvey Sakharov | LOSS | 9% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Marcin Łopusiewicz | LOSS | 55% |
May 2024 - AHMA Cub 2024
AHMA Cub 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Eliminators | Nikos Kyriakopoulos | LOSS | 5% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 7 | Sallamaari Syrjä | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 7 | Niko Tanhuanpää | DRAW | 20% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 7 | Jouko Haapoja | WIN | 64% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 7 | Anonymous fighter | WIN | 43% |
January 2024 - Helsinki Longsword Open 2024
Helsinki Longsword Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | elimination round 1 | Matvey Sakharov | LOSS | 13% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 7 | Alex Jonischkies | LOSS | 12% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 7 | Rasmus Rønningen | WIN | 46% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 7 | Pavel Dostál | LOSS | 2% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 7 | Catherine Magnúsdóttir | WIN | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 7 | Joakim Hokkanen | WIN | 56% |
November 2023 - EHMS Open 2023
EHMS Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | elimination round 1 | Tuomas Majuri | WIN | 34% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | elimination round 2 | Jakub Dobi | LOSS | 8% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 5 | Mikko Riippi | WIN | 54% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 5 | Katriin Vannik | WIN | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 5 | Jaakko Haapoja | LOSS | 55% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 5 | Jere Naski | WIN | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 5 | Valtteri Pakkanen | LOSS | 39% |
September 2023 - Battle of the Bridge 2023
Battle of the Bridge 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Peter Hart | DRAW | 33% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Huginn Halldorsson | LOSS | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Jieyu Wu | LOSS | 4% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Alexander Stiessel Åkerström | LOSS | 19% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Viktor Johanströmmer | LOSS | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Mikael Berkesten | LOSS | 9% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Håvard Lund Eidheim | LOSS | 2% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Rúnar Páll Benediktsson | LOSS | 29% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Artur Arrefjäll | LOSS | 25% |
| Men's Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Staffan Sannemalm | WIN | 52% |
| Men's Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Jieyu Wu | LOSS | 4% |
| Men's Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Einar Lundgren | LOSS | 18% |
| Men's Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Engilbert Haukur Kolbeinsson | WIN | 42% |
| Men's Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Henrik Wadell | LOSS | 20% |
August 2023 - Bothnia Open 2023
Bothnia Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Jouko Haapoja | WIN | 46% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Sallamaari Syrjä | LOSS | 55% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | John Grönholm | LOSS | 30% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Joonas Järvi | LOSS | 26% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Daniel Suni | LOSS | 62% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Yigit Firatli | WIN | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Christoffer Warelius | LOSS | 60% |
June 2023 - Holmgang 2023
Holmgang 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Mattias Andersson | LOSS | 36% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Andrea Rea | LOSS | 47% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Jieyu Wu | LOSS | 11% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Mattias Brännström | LOSS | 22% |
May 2023 - AHMA Cub 2023
AHMA Cub 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 6 | Kasperi Torppa | LOSS | 25% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 6 | Mathieu Morin | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 6 | Kimmo Riipinen | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 6 | Niko Tanhuanpää | LOSS | 47% |
January 2023 - Helsinki Longsword Open 2023
Helsinki Longsword Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 13 | Morten Ankerstjerne | WIN | 63% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 13 | Jieyu Wu | LOSS | 13% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 13 | Stefan Brunner | LOSS | 13% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 13 | John Grönholm | LOSS | 36% |
September 2022 - Oslo Penguin Cup 2022
Oslo Penguin Cup 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Elimination round 1 | Daniel Solyom | LOSS | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Joel Andersson | LOSS | 33% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Lars Asbjørn Adskim | WIN | 44% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Federico Dall'Olio | LOSS | 5% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Anonymous fighter | LOSS | 64% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Einar Lundgren | WIN | 40% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss round 1 | Jesus Adrian Chimal Ballesteros | WIN | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss round 2 | Andreas Jansson | LOSS | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss round 3 | Natalie Summers | WIN | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss round 4 | Alex Mendis | WIN | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss round 5 | Daniel Solyom | DRAW | 42% |
August 2022 - Bothnia Open 2022
Bothnia Open 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 5 | Kristian Ekstrand | LOSS | 33% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 5 | Robin Bygdén | LOSS | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 5 | Esko Hanell | LOSS | 60% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 5 | Juska Kuhanen | WIN | 52% |
May 2022 - Helsinki Longsword Open 2022
Helsinki Longsword Open 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | elimination round 1 | Henric Jansen | LOSS | 38% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Henric Jansen | LOSS | 38% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Simo Sairanen | LOSS | 48% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Kristian Ekstrand | LOSS | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | pool 1 | Sam O'Donnell | WIN | 50% |
May 2022 - Vasaslaget 2022
Vasaslaget 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | Olle af Klintberg | LOSS | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | David Kvist | LOSS | 63% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | Daniel Offrell | WIN | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | Ludvig Öman | WIN | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | Lisa Stensland | DRAW | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Swiss competition 1 | Filip Sandell | LOSS | 50% |
Sidesword (Mixed, Steel) - 20 fights
November 2024 - EHMS Open 2024
EHMS Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | elimination round 1 | Eetu Sipilä | LOSS | 48% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | pool 2 | Inari Berezina | WIN | 48% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | pool 2 | Jaakko Alamikkula | LOSS | 48% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | pool 2 | Juska Kuhanen | DRAW | 48% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | pool 2 | Mats Bergström | LOSS | 73% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | pool 2 | Mika Koskimies | LOSS | 58% |
September 2024 - Battle of the Bridge 2024
Battle of the Bridge 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Mattias Brännström | DRAW | 46% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Pontus Westerholm | DRAW | 39% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Magnus Rolstad Jordal | WIN | 60% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Quarterfinal 4 | Miro Lahtela | LOSS | 16% |
November 2023 - EHMS Open 2023
EHMS Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | swiss round 1 | German Lebedev | LOSS | 52% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | swiss round 2 | Christoffer Warelius | LOSS | 55% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | swiss round 3 | Mika Koskimies | WIN | 52% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | swiss round 5 | Tuomas Majuri | WIN | 52% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | swiss round 6 | Emil Kivelä | LOSS | 73% |
September 2023 - Battle of the Bridge 2023
Battle of the Bridge 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Firass Sjönoce | LOSS | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Miro Lahtela | LOSS | 33% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Timothy Myers | WIN | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Pool 3 | Robin Fredman | WIN | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Single Sidesword | Quarterfinal 1 | Mikko Lehto | LOSS | 34% |
Sword and Buckler (Mixed, Steel) - 27 fights
September 2024 - Battle of the Bridge 2024
Battle of the Bridge 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Eighthfinal 3 | Ville Välimäki | LOSS | 13% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 5 | Gustav Strihagen | LOSS | 11% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 5 | Oskar lindkvist | LOSS | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 5 | Marcus Palm | WIN | 42% |
June 2024 - FEDER League: Black Horns Cup 2024
FEDER League: Black Horns Cup 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Piotr Bąk | LOSS | 36% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Michał Wiesner | LOSS | 9% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Antoni Olbrychski | LOSS | 7% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Bartosz Gluszczak | LOSS | 25% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Andy McCormack | WIN | 69% |
January 2024 - Helsinki Longsword Open 2024
Helsinki Longsword Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | pool 6 | Vladimir Poliakov | WIN | 45% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | pool 6 | Valentin Hellbach | LOSS | 66% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | pool 6 | Levi Krupala | LOSS | 45% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | pool 6 | Yihang Mung | LOSS | 22% |
September 2023 - Battle of the Bridge 2023
Battle of the Bridge 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 1 | Alexander Stiessel Åkerström | LOSS | 25% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 1 | Jakob Hedbom | WIN | 49% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 1 | Daniel Offrell | WIN | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 1 | Mikko Lehto | LOSS | 13% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool 1 | Ondřej Malina | LOSS | 19% |
June 2023 - Holmgang 2023
Holmgang 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Martin Svedberg | LOSS | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Idamaria Lehtinen | WIN | 43% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Kristofer Stanson | LOSS | 11% |
| Mixed Steel Arming Sword & Buckler | Pool Set 1 | Kristine Konsmo | LOSS | 26% |
January 2023 - Helsinki Longsword Open 2023
Helsinki Longsword Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | pool 4 | Henric Jansen | LOSS | 47% |
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | pool 4 | Jesper Krogh Lindhardtsen | LOSS | 56% |
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | pool 4 | Massimiliano Cappello | LOSS | 31% |
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | pool 4 | Vesa Ylhäinen | LOSS | 50% |
| Mixed Steel Any Sword & Buckler | pool 4 | Samuli Komulainen | WIN | 50% |
Non-rated results - 4 fights
| Division | Event | Stage | Opponent | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sidesword & Dagger | Battle of the Bridge 2024 (September 2024) | Pool 1 | Emil Kivelä | LOSS |
| Mixed Steel Sidesword & Dagger | Battle of the Bridge 2024 (September 2024) | Pool 1 | Einar Lundgren | LOSS |
| Mixed Steel Sidesword & Dagger | Battle of the Bridge 2024 (September 2024) | Pool 1 | Rasmus Rønningen | LOSS |
| Mixed Steel Sidesword & Dagger | Battle of the Bridge 2024 (September 2024) | Pool 1 | Oskar lindkvist | LOSS |